Awareness Data: Hukou Variety of and Hukou Locality

As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p mamba todellinen < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

Which relationship is very solid when you look at the Shenzhen

Complete, also supportive proof of a good dyadic exchange, especially in Shenzhen, we along with select supportive proof to own market replace, given that migrants are more inclined to wed a location spouse (we.elizabeth., to create hukou intermarriage) since their knowledge develops. The outcomes recommend a higher probability of hukou locality-studies exchange to possess non-college-knowledgeable migrants when you look at the Shenzhen compared to Shanghai, however, a comparable odds of hukou locality-degree change during these two metropolitan areas to possess university-educated migrants, hence supporting Theory 3 your lower likelihood of hukou area-degree change when you look at the Shanghai, versus Shenzhen, holds for low-college-knowledgeable migrants not for college-experienced migrants.

Predicated on Model 5 of Table dos and Contour 2 , regional spouses’ training isn’t for the their record-odds of hukou area intermarriage, hence matchmaking doesn’t differ between the two metropolitan areas

Thus far, we have noticed simply intermarriage ranging from natives and migrants, instead of distinguishing anywhere between a few hukou systems. Within decide to try, neighbors was mainly urban hukou holders while migrants mainly keep outlying hukou in cities. Specifically, within the Shanghai, in the 85% from locals but only about 20% from migrants enjoys metropolitan hukou. When you look at the Shenzhen, all of the residents keep urban hukou, but only about thirty-five% out-of migrants are metropolitan hukou proprietors. The fresh logical difference from hukou sort of anywhere between locals and you can migrants ways a possibility of hukou method of exchange inside inter-hukou-locality ine if hukou method of impacts the overall performance.

Earliest, i look at brand new shipment out of hukou method of one of intermarriages off hukou area. Since found within the Profile A1, more 1 / 2 of the fresh new couples in which two partners disagree during the hukou area mode homogamy when it comes to hukou method of. This can be in line with previous results that Chinese elizabeth hukou type (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). A good gender asymmetric trend regarding hukou interong partners associated with a migrant husband and you will a region partner, merely 11% is actually outlying-husband-urban-partner couples while 86% are urban-husband-urban-partner partners. Having said that, one of people in which the husband try an effective Shanghai regional citizen and the spouse was an excellent migrant, 45% was metropolitan-husband-rural-wife lovers. Quite simply, whenever women with Shanghai hukou marry migrants, they tend in order to get married metropolitan migrants, while dudes that have Shanghai hukou which wed migrant feminine commonly get married rural migrants. In the Shenzhen, this gender trend is less pronounced: 26% out of migrant-husband-local-wife partners has a metropolitan wife and an outlying spouse, whereas a dozen% away from local-husband-migrant-wife lovers involve an urban partner and you will an outlying wife. These conclusions recommend that into the Shanghai marriage sector, one another hukou area and hukou types of framework intermarriage activities, in Shenzhen hukou sorts of appears shorter important. They after that helps our results regarding hukou burden being healthier from inside the Shanghai compared to Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>